鼹鼠儿科第一线

1.6                 Antipyretic interventions

退热药物干预

1.6.1             Effects of body temperature reduction

降温效果

1.6.1.1          Antipyretic agents do not prevent febrile convulsions and should not be used specifically for this purpose. [2007]

退热药物不能预防热性惊厥也不可进行预防性使用。【2007】

1.6.2             Physical interventions to reduce body temperature

物理退热

1.6.2.1          Tepid sponging is not recommended for the treatment of fever. [2007]

不推介将温水擦拭作为发热治疗的一种方式。【2007】

1.6.2.2          Children with fever should not be underdressed or over-wrapped. [2007]

发热儿童不应不穿衣服或穿衣过多。【2007】

1.6.3             Drug interventions to reduce body temperature

药物退热

1.6.3.1          Consider using either paracetamol or ibuprofen in children with fever who appear distressed. [new 2013]

当发热儿童表现出不适时才考虑使用对乙酰氨基酚或布洛芬。【2013新】

1.6.3.2          Do not use antipyretic agents with the sole aim of reducing body temperature in children with fever. [new 2013]

请勿为了退热而退热。【2013新】

1.6.3.3          When using paracetamol or ibuprofen in children with fever:

当使用对乙酰氨基酚或布洛芬时：

·      continue only as long as the child appears distressed

·      只有当患儿表现出不适是才继续使用

·      consider changing to the other agent if the child’s distress is not alleviated

·      当患儿的不适并未减轻时可考虑更换其他药物

·      do not give both agents simultaneously

·      切勿同时使用两种药物

·      only consider alternating these agents if the distress persists or recurs before the next dose is due. [new 2013]

·      只有在患儿的不适持续或者复发同时在现有药物作用时间结束后才可考虑更换药物

1.7                 Advice for home care

家庭护理建议

1.7.1             Care at home

在家护理

1.7.1.1          Advise parents or carers to manage their child’s temperature as described in section 1.6. [2007]

建议家长或护理人按照章节1.6进行护理。【2007】

1.7.1.2          Advise parents or carers looking after a feverish child at home:

建议在家护理的家长或护理人：

·      to offer the child regular fluids (where a baby or child is breastfed the most appropriate fluid is breast milk)

·      规律补液（若处于哺乳期的婴幼儿最合适的液体就是母乳）

·      how to detect signs of dehydration by looking for the following features:

·      如何在护理中判断是否脱水：

–     sunken fontanelle

–     囟门下陷

–     dry mouth

–     口唇干燥

–     sunken eyes

–     眼眶下陷

–     absence of tears

–     少泪

–     poor overall appearance

–     虚弱

·      to encourage their child to drink more fluids and consider seeking further advice if they detect signs of dehydration

·      若发现孩子存在脱水征鼓励孩子多补充液体并咨询进一步建议

·      how to identify a non-blanching rash

·      鉴别不褪色皮疹

·      to check their child during the night

·      夜间察看

·      to keep their child away from nursery or school while the child’s fever persists but to notify the school or nursery of the illness. [2007]

·      当孩子持续发热时，切勿让孩子上幼儿园或学校同时需要告知幼儿园或学校【2007】

1.7.2             When to seek further help

何时寻求帮助

1.7.2.1          Following contact with a healthcare professional, parents and carers who are looking after their feverish child at home should seek further advice if:

在家照顾发热患儿的家长或护理人在面对下列情况时应该咨询医疗保健专业人员：

·      the child has a fit

·      孩子突然出现痉挛

·      the child develops a non-blanching rash

·      孩子出现不褪色皮疹

·      the parent or carer feels that the child is less well than when they previously sought advice

·      家长或护理人主观感觉孩子较咨询意见前情况未好转

·      the parent or carer is more worried than when they previously sought advice

·      家长或护理人较咨询意见前更加焦虑

·      the fever lasts longer than 5 days

·      发热长达5天或以上

·      the parent or carer is distressed, or concerned that they are unable to look after their child. [2007]

·      家长或护理人很伤心，或者担心他们无法照顾孩子。【2007】